{"id":15271,"date":"2022-08-13T03:22:50","date_gmt":"2022-08-13T03:22:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pone.0254175.pdf"},"modified":"2022-08-13T03:25:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-13T03:25:00","slug":"pone-0254175","status":"inherit","type":"attachment","link":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/pone-0254175\/","title":{"rendered":"Blood groups of Neandertals and Denisova decrypted"},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"amp_status":""},"class_list":["post-15271","attachment","type-attachment","status-inherit","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/a5DV68-3Yj","description":{"rendered":"<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_twitter_via = \"datebytype\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"datebytype\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"Blood groups of Neandertals and Denisova decrypted\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div><p class=\"attachment\"><a href='https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pone.0254175.pdf'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pone.0254175-pdf.jpg?resize=232%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Blood group systems were the first phenotypic markers used in anthropology to decipher the origin of populations, their migratory movements, and their admixture. The recent emergence of new technologies based on the decoding of nucleic acids from an individual\u2019s entire genome has relegated them to their primary application, blood transfusion. Thus, despite the finer mapping of the modern human genome in relation to Neanderthal and Denisova populations, little is known about red cell blood groups in these archaic populations. Here we analyze the available high-quality sequences of three Neanderthals and one Denisovan individuals for 7 blood group systems that are used today in transfusion (ABO including H\/Se, Rh (Rhesus), Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS, Diego). We show that Neanderthal and Denisova were polymorphic for ABO and shared blood group alleles recurrent in modern Sub-Saharan populations. Furthermore, we found ABO-related alleles currently preventing from viral gut infection and Neanderthal RHD and RHCE alleles nowadays associated with a high risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Such a common blood group pattern across time and space is coherent with a Neanderthal population of low genetic diversity exposed to low reproductive success and with their inevitable demise. Lastly, we connect a Neanderthal RHD allele to two present-day Aboriginal Australian and Papuan, suggesting that a segment of archaic genome was introgressed in this gene in non-Eurasian populations. While contributing to both the origin and late evolutionary history of Neanderthal and Denisova, our results further illustrate that blood group systems are a relevant piece of the puzzle helping to decipher it.<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_twitter_via = \"datebytype\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"datebytype\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"Blood groups of Neandertals and Denisova decrypted\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>"},"caption":{"rendered":"Blood group systems were the first phenotypic markers used in anthropology to decipher the origin of populations, their migratory movements, and their admixture. The recent emergence of new technologies based on the decoding of nucleic acids from an individual\u2019s entire genome has relegated them to their primary application, blood transfusion. Thus, despite the finer mapping of the modern human genome in relation to Neanderthal and Denisova populations, little is known about red cell blood groups in these archaic populations. Here we analyze the available high-quality sequences of three Neanderthals and one Denisovan individuals for 7 blood group systems that are used today in transfusion (ABO including H\/Se, Rh (Rhesus), Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS, Diego). We show that Neanderthal and Denisova "},"alt_text":"","media_type":"file","mime_type":"application\/pdf","media_details":{"sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"pone.0254175-pdf-116x150.jpg","width":116,"height":150,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pone.0254175-pdf-116x150.jpg"},"medium":{"file":"pone.0254175-pdf-232x300.jpg","width":232,"height":300,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pone.0254175-pdf-232x300.jpg"},"large":{"file":"pone.0254175-pdf-791x1024.jpg","width":791,"height":1024,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pone.0254175-pdf-791x1024.jpg"},"full":{"file":"pone.0254175-pdf.jpg","width":1088,"height":1408,"mime_type":"application\/pdf","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pone.0254175-pdf.jpg"}}},"post":null,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/pone.0254175.pdf","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/attachment"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15271"}]}}