{"id":15284,"date":"2022-08-13T03:51:22","date_gmt":"2022-08-13T03:51:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2020.07.27.223628v1.full_.pdf"},"modified":"2022-08-13T04:09:10","modified_gmt":"2022-08-13T04:09:10","slug":"2020-07-27-223628v1-full","status":"inherit","type":"attachment","link":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/2020-07-27-223628v1-full\/","title":{"rendered":"ABO genetic variation in Neanderthals and Denisovans"},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"amp_status":""},"class_list":["post-15284","attachment","type-attachment","status-inherit","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/a5DV68-3Yw","description":{"rendered":"<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_twitter_via = \"datebytype\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"datebytype\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"ABO genetic variation in Neanderthals and Denisovans\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div><p class=\"attachment\"><a href='https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2020.07.27.223628v1.full_.pdf'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2020.07.27.223628v1.full_-pdf.jpg?resize=232%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Variation at the ABO locus was one of the earliest sources of data in the study of human<br \/>\npopulation identity and history, and to this day remains widely genotyped due to its<br \/>\nimportance in blood and tissue transfusions. As one of the first genetic markers, variation<br \/>\nat the ABO gene has been studied for over 60 years, and yet there are some aspects of<br \/>\nits evolution that remain mysterious. Here, we look at ABO blood type variants in our<br \/>\narchaic relatives: Neanderthals and Denisovans. Our goal is to understand the genetic<br \/>\nlandscape of the ABO gene in archaic humans, and how it relates to modern human ABO<br \/>\nvariation. We analyze coding variation at the ABO locus from next-generation sequences<br \/>\nin \u223c2,500 individuals from 28 populations, including three Neanderthal and one Denisovan<br \/>\nindividuals. We use the modern human haplotypes to impute ABO genotypes for the four<br \/>\narchaic human genomes. We found that the Siberian Neanderthals, Altai and Chagyrskaya,<br \/>\nare both homozygous for a derived Neanderthal variant of the O allele, while the European<br \/>\nNeanderthal, Vindija, is a heterozygote for two derived Neanderthal variants, an O variant<br \/>\ndifferent from Altai and Chagyrskaya, and a rare cis-AB variant. The Denisovan individual<br \/>\nis homozygous for an ancestral variant of the O allele, similar to variants found widely in<br \/>\nmodern humans. Perhaps more surprisingly, the derived O allele variant found in the Altai<br \/>\nNeanderthal can be found at low frequencies in modern European and Southeast Asian<br \/>\nindividuals, and the derived O allele variant found in the Vindija Neanderthal is also found<br \/>\nat very low frequency in East Asian individuals. Our genetic distance analyses suggests<br \/>\nboth alleles were introgressed through Neanderthal-human gene flow. In summary, our<br \/>\nstudy identifies the genetic variation of the ABO gene in archaic humans, we find that<br \/>\nABO allele diversity in Neanderthals was likely high, and that some of these alleles still<br \/>\nsurvive in modern humans due to inbreeding with Neanderthals.<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_twitter_via = \"datebytype\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"datebytype\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"ABO genetic variation in Neanderthals and Denisovans\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>"},"caption":{"rendered":"Variation at the ABO locus was one of the earliest sources of data in the study of human population identity and history, and to this day remains widely genotyped due to its importance in blood and tissue transfusions. As one of the first genetic markers, variation at the ABO gene has been studied for over 60 years, and yet there are some aspects of its evolution that remain mysterious. Here, we look at ABO blood type variants in our archaic relatives: Neanderthals and Denisovans. Our goal is to understand the genetic landscape of the ABO gene in archaic humans, and how it relates to modern human ABO variation. We analyze coding variation at the ABO locus from next-generation sequences in "},"alt_text":"","media_type":"file","mime_type":"application\/pdf","media_details":{"sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"2020.07.27.223628v1.full_-pdf-116x150.jpg","width":116,"height":150,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2020.07.27.223628v1.full_-pdf-116x150.jpg"},"medium":{"file":"2020.07.27.223628v1.full_-pdf-232x300.jpg","width":232,"height":300,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2020.07.27.223628v1.full_-pdf-232x300.jpg"},"large":{"file":"2020.07.27.223628v1.full_-pdf-791x1024.jpg","width":791,"height":1024,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2020.07.27.223628v1.full_-pdf-791x1024.jpg"},"full":{"file":"2020.07.27.223628v1.full_-pdf.jpg","width":1088,"height":1408,"mime_type":"application\/pdf","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2020.07.27.223628v1.full_-pdf.jpg"}}},"post":null,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2020.07.27.223628v1.full_.pdf","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/attachment"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15284"}]}}