{"id":9997,"date":"2021-04-08T04:03:54","date_gmt":"2021-04-08T04:03:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/vox.13076.pdf"},"modified":"2021-04-08T04:14:03","modified_gmt":"2021-04-08T04:14:03","slug":"vox-13076","status":"inherit","type":"attachment","link":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/vox-13076\/","title":{"rendered":"ABO blood group and COVID\u201019: a review on behalf of the ISBT COVID\u201019 working group"},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"amp_status":""},"class_list":["post-9997","attachment","type-attachment","status-inherit","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/a5DV68-2Bf","description":{"rendered":"<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_twitter_via = \"datebytype\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"datebytype\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"ABO blood group and COVID\u201019: a review on behalf of the ISBT COVID\u201019 working group\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div><p class=\"attachment\"><a href='https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/vox.13076.pdf'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"223\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/vox.13076-pdf.jpg?resize=223%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Growing evidence suggests that ABO blood group may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, with group O individuals less likely to test positive and group A conferring a higher susceptibility to infection and propensity to severe disease. The level of evidence supporting an association between ABO type and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\/COVID\u201019 ranges from small observational studies, to genome\u2010wide\u2010association\u2010analyses and country\u2010level meta\u2010regression analyses. ABO blood group antigens are oligosaccharides expressed on red cells and other tissues (notably endothelium). There are several hypotheses to explain the differences in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection by ABO type. For example, anti\u2010A and\/or anti\u2010B antibodies (e.g. present in group O individuals) could bind to corresponding antigens on the viral envelope and contribute to viral neutralization, thereby preventing target cell infection. The SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 virus and SARS\u2010CoV spike (S) proteins may be bound by anti\u2010A isoagglutinins (e.g. present in group O and group B individuals), which may block interactions between virus and angiotensin\u2010converting\u2010enzyme\u20102\u2010receptor, thereby preventing entry into lung epithelial cells. ABO type\u2010associated variations in angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme\u20101 activity and levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII could also influence adverse outcomes, notably in group A individuals who express high VWF levels. In conclusion, group O may be associated with a lower risk of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and group A may be associated with a higher risk of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection along with severe disease. However, prospective and mechanistic studies are needed to verify several of the proposed associations. Based on the strength of available studies, there are insufficient data for guiding policy in this regard.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The role of ABO blood group in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infectivity and COVID\u201019 disease severity requires additional study; however, accumulating evidence suggests that, at biochemical and physiological levels, there may be a contribution of ABO blood type to disease biology. It also must be recognized that host factors already identified as contributing to COVID\u201019 severity, play a dominant role, coupled with timely access to appropriate medical care. By contrast, the role of ABO type is likely secondary and non\u2010modifiable.<\/p>\n<p>Click the image for the PDF file of the complete study.<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_twitter_via = \"datebytype\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"datebytype\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"ABO blood group and COVID\u201019: a review on behalf of the ISBT COVID\u201019 working group\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>"},"caption":{"rendered":"Growing evidence suggests that ABO blood group may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, with group O individuals less likely to test positive and group A conferring a higher susceptibility to infection and propensity to severe disease. The level of evidence supporting an association between ABO type and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\/COVID\u201019 ranges from small observational studies, to genome\u2010wide\u2010association\u2010analyses and country\u2010level meta\u2010regression analyses. ABO blood group antigens are oligosaccharides expressed on red cells and other tissues (notably endothelium). There are several hypotheses to explain the differences in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection by ABO type. For example, anti\u2010A and\/or anti\u2010B antibodies (e.g. present in group O individuals) could bind to corresponding antigens on the viral envelope and contribute to viral neutralization, thereby preventing target cell infection. The SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 virus and SARS\u2010CoV spike (S) proteins may be bound by anti\u2010A isoagglutinins (e.g. present in group O and group B individuals), which may block interactions between virus and angiotensin\u2010converting\u2010enzyme\u20102\u2010receptor, thereby preventing entry into lung epithelial cells. ABO type\u2010associated variations in angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme\u20101 activity and levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII could also influence adverse outcomes, notably in group A individuals who express high VWF levels. In conclusion, group O may be associated with a lower risk of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and group A may be associated with a higher risk of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection along with severe disease. However, prospective and mechanistic studies are needed to verify several of the proposed associations. Based on the strength of available studies, there are insufficient data for guiding policy in this regard.\r\n\r\n"},"alt_text":"","media_type":"file","mime_type":"application\/pdf","media_details":{"sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"vox.13076-pdf-112x150.jpg","width":112,"height":150,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/vox.13076-pdf-112x150.jpg"},"medium":{"file":"vox.13076-pdf-223x300.jpg","width":223,"height":300,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/vox.13076-pdf-223x300.jpg"},"large":{"file":"vox.13076-pdf-762x1024.jpg","width":762,"height":1024,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/vox.13076-pdf-762x1024.jpg"},"full":{"file":"vox.13076-pdf.jpg","width":1058,"height":1421,"mime_type":"application\/pdf","source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/vox.13076-pdf.jpg"}}},"post":null,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/vox.13076.pdf","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/attachment"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9997"}]}}