{"id":13487,"date":"2023-07-02T07:38:49","date_gmt":"2023-07-02T07:38:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/?p=13487"},"modified":"2022-05-03T20:55:32","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T20:55:32","slug":"how-advanced-were-the-neanderthals-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/how-advanced-were-the-neanderthals-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"How advanced were the Neanderthals? II"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_twitter_via = \"datebytype\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"datebytype\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"How advanced were the Neanderthals? II\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Neanderthal Blood Types: ABO and Rh factor\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6rzRATH9R0Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Neanderthals likely lived in more sparsely distributed groups than contemporary modern humans,&nbsp;but group size is thought to have averaged 10 to 30 individuals, similar to modern hunter-gatherers.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neanderthal#cite_note-hayden2012-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;Reliable evidence of Neanderthal group composition comes from Cueva del Sidr\u00f3n, Spain, and the footprints at Le Rozel, France:<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neanderthal#cite_note-duveau2019-185\">[180]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;the former shows 7 adults, 3 adolescents, 2 juveniles, and an infant;<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neanderthal#cite_note-250\">[245]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;whereas the latter, based on footprint size, shows a group of 10 to 13 members where juveniles and adolescents made up 90%.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Rh Negative Origins VI\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3wgW_BBC-sU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Given their dangerous hunting and extensive skeletal evidence of healing, Neanderthals appear to have lived lives of frequent traumatic injury and recovery. Well-healed fractures on many bones indicate the setting of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Splint_(medicine)\">splints<\/a>. Individuals with severe head and rib traumas (which would have caused massive blood loss) indicate they had some manner of dressing major wounds, such as bandages made from animal skin. By-and-large, they appear to have avoided severe infections, indicating good long-term treatment of such wounds.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neanderthal#cite_note-Spikins2019-42\">[42]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Rh Negative Health 7\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jWQV4AmjiUk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Their knowledge of&nbsp;medicinal plants&nbsp;was comparable to that of contemporary humans.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neanderthal#cite_note-Spikins2019-42\">[42]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;An individual at Cueva del Sidr\u00f3n, Spain, seems to have been medicating a&nbsp;dental abscess&nbsp;using&nbsp;poplar\u2014which contains&nbsp;salicylic acid, the&nbsp;active ingredient&nbsp;in&nbsp;aspirin\u2014and there were also traces of the&nbsp;antibiotic-producing&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penicillium_chrysogenum\">Penicillium chrysogenum<\/a><\/em>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neanderthal#cite_note-Weyrich2017-246\">[241]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;They may also have used yarrow and camomile, and their bitter taste\u2014which should act as a deterrent as it could indicate poison\u2014means it was likely a deliberate act.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neanderthal#cite_note-buckley-39\">[39]<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;In Kebara Cave, Israel, plant remains which have historically been used for their medicinal properties were found, including the&nbsp;common grape vine, the&nbsp;pistachios&nbsp;of the&nbsp;Persian turpentine tree,&nbsp;ervil&nbsp;seeds, and&nbsp;oak&nbsp;acorns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Too many carbs linked to depression\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vZtNtjGDcMo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_twitter_via = \"datebytype\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"datebytype\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"How advanced were the Neanderthals? II\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_twitter_via = \"datebytype\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"datebytype\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"How advanced were the Neanderthals? II\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>Neanderthals likely lived in more sparsely distributed groups than contemporary modern humans,&nbsp;but group size is thought to have averaged 10 to 30 individuals, similar to modern hunter-gatherers.&nbsp;Reliable evidence of Neanderthal group composition comes from Cueva del Sidr\u00f3n, Spain, and the footprints at Le Rozel, France:&nbsp;the former shows 7 adults, 3 adolescents, 2 juveniles, and an infant;&nbsp;whereas the latter, based on footprint size, shows a group of 10 to 13 members where juveniles and adolescents made up 90%. Given their dangerous hunting and extensive skeletal evidence of healing, Neanderthals appear to have lived lives of frequent traumatic injury and recovery. Well-healed fractures on many bones indicate the setting of&nbsp;splints. Individuals with severe head and rib traumas (which would have caused massive <div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/share-medium.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top:5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Pinterest\",\"Linkedin\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"medium\";var hupso_twitter_via = \"datebytype\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_twitter_via=\"datebytype\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"How advanced were the Neanderthals? II\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"amp_status":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-facts"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5DV68-3vx","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13487"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13487\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13650,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13487\/revisions\/13650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rhesusnegative.net\/staynegative\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}